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| A shell element accounting for through thickness stress |
| Revised:February 14, 2004 |
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| DOI：10.7511/jslx20061021 |
| KeyWord:shell element,through thickness stress,sheet metal forming,springback |
| ZHANG Hua HU Jian-guo ZHOU Ya |
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| Abstract: |
| The conventional shell elements yield poor accuracy in some problems analysis because their stress in thickness direction is neglected.The element proposed in this paper introduces the through thickness deformation by constructing the quadratic shape function in thickness direction.3D constitutive relation can be employed directly without any change and the load can be applied on bottom and top surface of the shell element simultaneously.Several numerical examples show the shell element effective for large elasto-plastic deformation problems. |